Article Type : Case Report
Authors : El Bennaye H, Douhi Z, Baybay H, Soughi M, Elloudi S and Mernissi FZ
Keywords : Leucotrichic hair; Coiled hair; Blackheads; Whiteheads; Pigmented areas
We report the case of a 40-year-old
diabetic patient on insulin. Followed since 2014 for a dermatofibrosarcoma of
Darrier Ferrand operated four times and then received adjuvant radiotherapy on
the scalp (total dose of 66Gy), under clinical monitoring.
One of the most
troubling and depressing complication for patients who received radiation in
the scalp for a tumour process is alopecia, which in some cases can be scarring
and have a significant psychological impact on the patient's quality of life
[1,2].
We report the case
of a 40-year-old diabetic patient on insulin. Followed since 2014 for a
dermatofibrosarcoma of Darrier Ferrand operated four times and then received
adjuvant radiotherapy on the scalp (total dose of 66Gy), under clinical
monitoring. The patient presented after her radiotherapy sessions, a diffuse
alopecia on the scalp and referred to us for management. On clinical
examination, the patient was conscious and stable. Dermatological examination
found a diffuse scarring alopecia of the vertex centered by an atrophic scar,
the traction sign was negative on the entire scalp and the rest of the somatic
examination was normal. Dermoscopic examination revealed a central scarring
alopecia with peripheral fluffy and leucotrichic hair, coiled hair, blackheads,
whiteheads and pigmented areas without structures.
Hair loss, temporary or permanent, is one of the most stressful side effects for patients undergoing oncologic treatment. The true prevalence of permanent alopecia by radiation may be underestimated as many patients do not complain and accept it as the price of the treatment [3].
Figure 1: Clinical picture of scarring alopecia of the vertex
centered by an atrophic scar.
Figure
2:
Dermoscopic image showing fluffy hair, coiled hair, leukotrich hair, white
spots and pigmented areas without structures.
Figure
3:
Dermoscopic image showing fluffy hair, coiled hair, leukotrich hair, white
spots and pigmented areas without structures.
Permanent alopecia
is a well-known side effect of radiation. Although the principal change
following an acute dose of radiation is apoptosis, radiation damage can occur
due to a combination of changes such as reduction in matrix cell reproduction,
the effect on protein synthesis or plasma membrane permeability of matrix
cells, and alteration in perifollicular blood flow [4]. Follicular dose (the
dose of radiation at the level of hair follicle in a particular radiation
field) is the only significant factor in determining the degree of permanent
alopecia. Most anagen follicles are at a depth of 4 to 4.5 mm from the skin
surface. If the radiation superficial to this depth is kept under a lethal
dose, the incidence of radiation-induced alopecia can be markedly reduced. The
follicular dose at which 50% of patients develop permanent alopecia, is
estimated to be 43 Gy [5] (Figures 1-3).
Dermoscopy of
scarring alopecia following scalp irradiation has never been described. This is
the first observation in the literature that describes this entity. Particular
attention should be paid to this phenomenon in order to better characterize
it's specific dermoscopic signs.
The examination of
the patient was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles.
Conflicts
of Interest
The authors do not
declare any conflict of interest.