Article Type : Research Article
Authors : Esam A and Ameer A
Keywords : Dental X-rays; Radiographs; Medani dental
Quality
of x-ray is one of important dental investigation and help to Good Diagnostic
Quality “Radiographs are necessary for
the evaluation and diagnosis of many oral conditions and diseases. Radiographs
should be specific to the needs and requirements of each particular patient”,
low quality is effects in diagnosis and treatment, the aim of this study is to
assess the quality of x ray in wad medani dental teaching hospital and its
impact on work.
Result
Dental X-rays (radiographs) are images of your teeth
that your dentist uses to evaluate your oral health. These X-rays are used with
low levels of radiation to capture images of the interior of your teeth and
gums. This can help your dentist to identify problems, like cavities, tooth
decay, and impacted teeth .Dental X-rays may seem complex, but they’re actually
very common tools that are just as important as your teeth cleanings. Dental
X-rays are typically performed yearly. They can happen more often if your
dentist is tracking the progress of a dental problem or treatment. Like
brushing and flossing, getting regular dental X-rays is an integral part of
your overall oral health .Having a good check-up can be a relief, but this
doesn’t mean you shouldn’t keep getting X-rays. Depending on your age, health,
and insurance coverage, X-rays may be performed every one to two years. Be sure
to commit to your appointments and see your dentist sooner if you experience
any pain or other changes in your mouth .There are two main types of dental
X-rays: intraoral (meaning the X-ray film is inside the mouth) and extraoral
(meaning the X-ray film is outside the mouth). Intraoral X-rays are the most
common type of dental X-ray taken. These X-rays provide a lot of detail and
allow your dentist to find cavities, check the health of the tooth root and
bone surrounding the tooth, check the status of developing teeth, and
monitor the general
health of your
teeth and jawbone. Extraoral X-rays show teeth, but their main focus is
the jaw and skull. These X-rays do not provide the detail found with intraoral
X-rays and therefore are not used for detecting cavities or for identifying
problems with individual teeth. Instead, extraoral X-rays are used to look for
impacted teeth, monitor growth and development of the jaws in relation to the
teeth, and to identify potential problems between teeth and jaws and the temporomandibular
joint (TMJ, see temporomandibular disorders for more information) or other
bones of the face.
The factors that can affect the quality of radiographic images depends on:
The high quality of dental x-ray help to:
The effects of poor radiographic technique are the same whatever type of image receptor is used. These technique errors have already been covered in detail in relation to the three main projections used in dentistry, namely periapical, bitewings and panoramic radiographs. Practical factors influencing film-based image quality: In practical terms, the various factors that can influence overall film-captured image quality can be divided into factors related to:
Dental care professionals need to be able to recognize
the cause of the various film faults so that appropriate corrective action can
be taken. Typical film faults.
Overexposure owing to
Overdevelopment owing to
Fogging owing to
Faulty darkroom/processing unit
Underexposure owing to
Underdevelopment owing to
I select the X-ray quality as a problem to be study according to many reasons:
General objective
The aim of this study is to assess the quality of X
ray in wad medani dantal teaching hospital and its impact on work.
Specific objectives
Study design
This study was a descriptive analytic cross sectional
type held at Wad madani dental teaching hospital.
Data collection and
tools
The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey design in the form of a questionnaire of 11 questions about: (demographic data, evaluation of dental x-ray in hospital, quality of dental radiograph, related b/w low quality of x-ray and misdiagnosis, prevelance of most radiograph tooth).
Site
Various places in Wad madani dental teaching hospital
and randomly selected.
Target Population
Dentist in Wad madani dental teaching hospital
Sampling and sample
frame
Simple random sampling was used to select my sample
Selection Criteria
Inclusion
criteria: Dentist in wad medani dental hospital
between under graduate and post graduate who agree to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
No exclusion in May sample
All study participants gave informed consent prior to
participating in the study which was conducted on an anonymous basis.
Data was been analysis using manual method
1. Dental practitioners in the United States are
exposing more than 400 million dental radiographs per year. Major national
studies have indicated that improvements in radiographic quality is needed.
Quality assurance (QA) programs used in medical radiology are designed to
produce radiographs that are of high quality, use the least amount of
radiation, and are produced at minimum cost. Preliminary recommendations are
presented from the Quality Assurance Committee of the American Academy of
Dental Radiology as an outline for establishing preventive maintenance of x-ray
systems and a preliminary method for determining appropriate QA monitoring
levels for dentistry. Included are recommendations for three stages of dental
radiology QA. These are preliminary ratings and are expected to change as more
dental QA information becomes available. “The American Academy of Dental
Radiology Quality Assurance Committee 15 May 2005”.
2. An adequate quality radiograph is one, which
provides the required diagnostic information. However the quality of radiograph
depends upon several contributory factors. Where the practioners is in any
doubt about the reasons for poor radiographic quality it is helpful to
systematically target the problem areas. This is achieved by carrying out a
film reject analysis. “Shams Ul Nisa (Author) 2016”
3. An organised effort by the staff operating a
facility to ensure that the diagnostic images produced by the facility are of a
sufficiently high quality so that they consistently provide diagnostic
information at the lowest possible cost and with the least possible exposure of
the patient to radiation. “WHO 2005”.
4. Radiation dosimetry for determining the optimum
image quality with the lowest radiation exposure to the patient was carried
out. The best image quality with the lowest exposure dose was assessed for
conventional intraoral X-ray film (Kodak type E) and the digital processing
sensor (RVG 5200). Radiation survey level was done during this study for safety
and protection Purposes. “King Abdul
Aziz University (KAU) Dental Hospital”.
5. Quality assurance programmes for dental radiography
are needed to ensure that images are consistently of a high standard. All
aspects of the imaging process must be monitored to reduce the number of repeat
radiographs needed, and to ensure radiography is carried out efficiently. ”
Jane Luker 2014”.
6. The purpose of Quality Assurance (QA) in dental
radiology is to ensure consistently adequate diagnostic information, while
radiation doses are controlled to be as low as reasonably achievable. “1996.
European Guidelines on Quality criteria”.
In wad medani dental teaching hospital the quality of
x-ray is low (69%), the main causes is machine quality problem (38.8%) and
technician problem (36.4%).